6/18/66 Saturday - The Pittsburgh Press:
MAGNETIC FIELD REVERSED
COSMIC RAYS LINKED TO DINOSAUR DEATHS
By David Dietz, Scripps-Howard Science Editor
Did a sudden reversal of the earth's magnetic field,
transforming the north magnetic pole into a south pole,
initiate the decline and disappearance of the mighty
dinosaurs from the face of the earth?
The possibility is suggested by researches carried out by
Prof. Bruce Heezen and his colleagues at the Lamont
Geological Observatory of Columbia University.
Dr. Heezen described the researches this month in Moscow at
the Second International Oceanographic Congress. More than
1000 scientists are attending the conference under the
auspices of UNESCO and the Soviet government.
ANALYZE ROCK
Analysis of rock cores extracted from the floors of the
Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, gave evidence of such
magnetic reversals, he said.
The rock cores showed that the abrupt changes in the magnetic
field were accompanied by the disappearance of several
species of microscopic forms of ocean life known as plankton,
and the appearance of new species.
Particles in the first three feet of the cores were
magnetized in the same direction as the earth's present
magnetic field. Below that depth, they were magnetized for
some feet in the opposite direction. Several such reversals
were found deeper in the cores.
The direction of magnetization was determined with an
instrument known as a spinning magnetometer.
Prof. Heezen explained that when the earth's magnetic field
reverses, there is a period, as it switches poles, when the
electromagnetic field around the earth disappears.
ACTS AS SHIELD
Normally, this field acts as a shield to screen out most of
the cosmic rays from outer space. When the shield
disappears, the earth is subjected to the full fury of cosmic
ray bombardment.
It is a well known fact that cosmic rays can cause genetic
mutations which lead to the establishment of new species.
Dr. Heezen thinks a sudden increase in cosmic rays could also
lead to lethal changes that would trigger the extinction of
some species.
HE SAYS THAT THE LAST REVERSAL OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD
TOOK PLACE 700,000 YEARS AGO AND THAT AT THE PRESENT TIME THE
FIELD IS DECREASING IN STRENGTH.
If the field continues to decrease at its present rate, he
continues, another reversal may occur in a thousand years or
so.
It is difficult to explain why the earth's magnetic field
should reverse itself. The fact of the matter is that the
very existence of the magnetic field has not yet been
explained completely.
It is assumed that the field arises as a result of electric
currents in the molten iron core of the earth.
Cosmic rays, it is agreed, can create mutations by causing
changes in the genes in the reproductive cells.



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