2/69 Richmond-Times Dispatch article, "MYSTERY GRADUALLY
UNFOLDING - SCROLLS SAID TO ADD INSIGHT":
NEW YORK (A/P) - Like the gradual unfolding of a mystery
story, fragmentary hints and clues today are being
accumulated from musty manuscripts of the past to illuminate
the times of Jesus.
"A steady stream of material is increasing our knowledge of
that period," says the Rev. Dr. Robert Northup of New York
Theological Seminary. "We can expect a tide of additional
material soon."
The painstakingly slow but dramatic process has been going
on for about 20 years now, since the big finds of ancient
documents in the dunes of Egypt in 1946 and in caves beside
the Dead Sea in 1947.
However, less than half of them have been deciphered and
published so far, and work now is nearing completion on
the rest.
"Not much has been told about what most of these other
manuscripts contain," said Dr. Northup, professor of New
Testament literature and a research specialist on ancient
writings of that era.
"We can anticipate their general nature from what we've
already learned, but each is distinct, and some of them
may provide information that will give us new, even fuller
understanding."
Notably, however, despite premature assumptions that the
contents might undermine Christian views of Jesus, scholars
say that instead the results have given new weight to the
New Testament accounts.
"It has helped to make even clearer the special value and
authenticity to the gospel records," Dr. Northup said.
For instance, some gospel phraseology, especially in the Book
of John, previously had caused many scholars to date it about
a century after Jesus' death, but the usages now are found to
have been common in his own day, indicating an earlier
origin.
Consequently, there now is new, objective ground for
considering all the gospel accounts, including John,
as having been produced within the span of the lifetimes
of the apostles.
Of the seven leather-bound codexes or books found in Egypt,
containing 49 tractates or writings, the dating of which
varies in opinion from the 1st to the 4th century,
Dr. Northup said only five of the writings have been
generally published so far, most of it abstract material.
Of the Dead Sea scrolls, dated between 200 B.C. and 70 A.D.,
four volumes have been published so far, with six others
still to be issued, which is expected within the next four
years.
Besides detailed records about a separatist Jewish community,
the Essenes, which lived in isolation beside the Dead Sea
through Jesus' time, the documents also include all or parts
of every Old Testament book except Esther, providing copies
1,000 years older than available before.
"We now have a much more complete picture of the conditions
both at the time Jesus lived and in the early period
afterward," Dr. Northup said. "But the material also
raises new questions and possibilities."
Among those questions, he noted, is whether the immediate
forerunner of Jesus, John the Baptist, or even Jesus himself,
were at some point associated with the Qumron community,
the Essenes, who left the scrolls.
But if they ever were related to the group, they broke with
it and differed decisively in their teachings, he said.
He noted that while both Jesus and the Qumron community
pointed to the Old Testament Scripture, the community only
interpreted it to justify its own views, while Jesus made
his own personal authority central, asserting an advance in
revealed truth.
"He didn't use Scripture to justify his authority, but
claimed it within himself, saying the way people acted
toward him was the decisive thing," Dr. Northup said.
However, he noted that Jesus, in his sharp criticisms of
various religious parties and sects in his day, never
mentioned the Essenes, possibly "because, even though
differing from them, he may have felt they were searching
similar points of faith."



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